In the last couple of years, with the advancement of imaging methods, the diagnosis of gray matter heterotopia has been more promising. Gray matter heterotopia is a rare disorder in the general population, but recent attention to its psychiatric aspects encouraged us to introduce a patient with a form of gray matter heterotopia, who suffers from the anatomical abnormalities with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Our patient is a 25-year-old woman, who presented a variety of organogenesis disorders such as imperforate anus and rectovaginal fistula with the presence of gray matter heterotopia and history of refractory mood and psychotic disorders during 9 past years. Because of the various clinical manifestations of the disease, syndromic attention to this disease seems to be helpful in diagnosing and treating its various aspects.

Background: Neonatal neck masses usually fall into three categories: developmental, inflammatory, and neoplastic. Malignant neck masses are rarely observed in neonates; nonetheless, If malignancy is suspected, the patient should be evaluated urgently. In this paper, we describe the case of a neonate with a very rare congenital neck tumor, nasal glial heterotopia, which was first described by Reid in 1852, and only 20 cases have been reported in the parapharyngeal space in an article published in 2005. Case report: This case report presents a 3-month-old girl misdiagnosed with cystic hygroma at one month. She finally underwent surgery due to the progress of symptoms, airway obstruction, and mass neck enlargement. The pathological diagnosis confirmed a rare case of parapharyngeal neuroglial heterotopia. Conclusion: One case of glial heterotopia of the parapharyngeal space was included and presented in the present study. Glial heterotopias are very rare in the parapharyngeal space. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are essential to diagnose this lesion.

Tuberous sclerosis is one of the neurocotaneous syndroms. Clinical feature is mental retardation, seizure disorder, adenoma sebaceum (vogt triad). Prevalence is about 1 per 10000.This article presents 5 patient of tuberous sclerosis that 4 cases are accompaind with sub epandymalgiant cell asterocytoma (rare) and another one only with special nodules of tuberous sclerosis.Microscopic diagnosis shows sub epandymal giant cell astrocytoma in 4 cases and latest shows sever gliosis in tuberous sclerosis nodouls.All of clinical and microscopic findings were compatible with other authors.

Arbaeen pilgrimage walk is one great phenomenon that has become popular in the Shia world in recent years and has led to a vast transformation in religious policies in Iranian society. We are witnessing a very rapid trend in the growth of people's participation in this ritual during last decade. On the one hand, the government has turned its legitimacy into one of the key points of showing successes, and on the other hand, critics have turned it into an arena for criticism of political economy in Iran. Therefore, there is a deep challenge between different narratives in the analysis and evaluation of this phenomenon in the scientific and public media of the country.In this article, an attempt has been made to find out the main patterns of representation of this event, taking into account the lived experiences and participation in various conferences and meetings about this ritual, as well as reading almost all the scientific articles published in Farsi and referring to the available book sources. For this purpose, the concepts of utopia, ideology and heterotopia have been used to be able to analyze the relationship between existing discourses and the power and order.The results of this research are based on the fact that two main and dominant discourses can be recognized: the discourse that can be considered  as the believers in the Islamic revolution and the government, tried to search for their own utopias and ideals in this event and Finally, with a kind of implicit simulation between that utopia and the claims of governmental discourse in Iran, use it as an ideology to legitimize this political order and show that this great ritual is exactly along the discourse of the Islamic Revolution. On the other hand, the critics, with an upside-down view, try to show all the political manipulations of the facts in the example of this ritual and criticize the fundamental inefficiencies of the political order through this ritual. For this reason, it has been used as a heterotopia to criticize the existing situation. However, other sub-discourses can be raised next to these two main discourses. But they have not had a special media representation.

For artists, history is not a set of fixed documents and linear narratives of events; Rather, it is such a text for rereading and reinterpretation. Iranian contemporary artists have also referred to history many times in their works; In particular, historical characters and events and collective memories of Qajar have become the basis for the creation of contemporary works. Because Qajar was the threshold of Iran's confrontation with modernity and the gap in traditional identities and the beginning of the formation of modern identity. In this article, the artists who have reinterpreted the themes and motifs of the Qajar period in a contemporary context in their works are called neo-Qajar artists. The question of the present article revolves around the fact that these artists, by breaking and manipulating the known signs of the Qajar era and bricolage-like reconstruction of the Qajar signs, have dealt with the contradictions outside and inside the Qajar period and, in fact, Iran's confrontation with modernity. They have portrayed a challenging and tense atmosphere in their works, which can be described as heterotopic works, according to Michel Foucault. Heterotopia refers to critical, distorted, restless and sometimes upside-down spaces that disturb the continuity and normality of usual and known spaces. The heterotopic space is often time-disordered and mixes elements and signs from the past with signs from the present to show the instability of contemporary identities and the instability and fluidity of modern experiences. Based on this, in this article, the following question is followed: What are the heterotopian features in the neo-Nagajarist art? How have contemporary artists reread the history of modernity in Iran by manipulating and reconstructing the signs and collective memories of the Qajar period? To answer these questions, firstly, the components of heterotopia in Michel Foucault's point of view were discussed, and then the works of some contemporary artists were examined with the methodology of interpretative analysis. The results showed how artists have created a heterotopic space in neo-Qajarist works with characteristics such as spatial and temporal discontinuity, dialectical relationship with the past, proximity and overlap of contradictions, creation of metaphorical spaces, critical manipulation of signs, and fluidity and openness in interpretation. . In these works, neo-Qajarist artists present a kind of sarcasm and critical irony to the distress in Iran's contemporary identity by rearranging the past and manipulating the historical identity.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disease that is inherited autosomal dominantly and may be associated with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) in 10-20% of cases. Different phenotypes are related to the form of lesions in different parts of the body, including skin, brain, kidneys, lungs, and heart. The age of the patient, the location of the tumor, and associated skin or neurological lesions may guide the pathologist for a definite diagnosis. Here we report a case of SEGA in an adolescent with TSC. Neurological clues including seizure and mental retardation, facial angiofibroma, renal mass, and histopathology examination of the brain tumor culminated in the diagnosis of TSC and SEGA.